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in 1957 the geopolitical landscape

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changed forever when the Soviet Union

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launched Sputnik 1 by today's standard

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this primitive orbiting satellite is

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certainly nothing exciting but in 1957

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its impact was psychologically

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devastating the launch of Sputnik made

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out of space the new high ground of the

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Cold War the value of space exploration

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was now obviously the space race was on

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for more than 10 years the space were is

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thrilled and inspired people all around

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the world with new and more spectacular

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accomplishments then on July twentieth

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nineteen sixty-nine the whole world

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stopped two Watchers the United States

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with the crew of Apollo 11 left the

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first human footprints on the moon the

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eagle had landed and in one sense the

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space race was over without the

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competition and fear generated by the

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Cold War our reasons to explore space

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have changed and our sense of purpose is

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much less clear but the truth is humans

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use space more now than ever before

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today many benefits of space exploration

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such as weather and communication and

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navigation satellites are routinely

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taken for granted spectacular feats go

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unnoticed and the valuable products of

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orbital research are really associated

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with their origins down-to-earth

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applications of space exploration save

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people in distress at sea assess the

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condition of crops guide us to remote

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locations around the globe and allow us

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to communicate with each other over

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vast distances unfortunately without a

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threat to spur us on our sense of

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urgency to explore space has

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significantly diminished but the future

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of space exploration still keeps us

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looking up and the value and potential

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of our work in space is far greater

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today than ever before imagined we need

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i'm joanne irene Gubru knowit's and i'm

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a professor of space studies here at the

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University of North Dakota and tonight

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we are here to discuss what the

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possibilities of space are joining me

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here tonight and Clifford hall

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auditorium are a number of North

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Dakotans and three North Dakotans in

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particular who have chosen to share

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their views with us on this subject

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tonight to my raft is Lonnie faladi a

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farmer from attic and president of agri

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images dr. Linda Grinnell a physician

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from Newtown and Rick former

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astronaut and native of Jamestown six

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North Dakota towns grand forks hazen

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Jamestown why not Mott and Newtown will

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all be participating in this community

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conversation tonight's topics are going

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to be the economic cultural and

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scientific value of space exploration

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space has always been very interesting

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to me and ever since I first saw them

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first moonwalk I've always wanted to be

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an astronaut like Rick but I guess I

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never will be but the next closest thing

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is to be able to see things from space

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we developed a new company called agri

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images that is taking the satellite

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technology and bring it into agriculture

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in a form that is usable for the average

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farmer we're able to analyze the

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patterns within a field and be able to

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take them and put them into a variable

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rate application spreader and analyze

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the vegetation and change the fertilizer

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on the go we're able to revolutionize

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agriculture in a form that we never knew

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would it ever happened we're all part of

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this life and we're also related to all

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men o mankind and womankind on the earth

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in a way it's like yeah I I could

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understand that you know that we're

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related and sometimes some people don't

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see that but I think once you get up

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into space and you look back down onto

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the earth you realize that you will

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belong that's home and all the people

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there is family tonight we're going to

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talk mostly about the third of my space

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shuttle flights in a lot of ways it's

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the least

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space shuttle mission that I was part of

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because it was a Space Lab mission

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although my other missions were

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certainly visually more exciting I can

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pretty well guarantee that when you or I

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on down the road 10 years from now 15

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years from now the things that will

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affect your life in ways that you don't

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even know about most of those

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discoveries will have been made in

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laboratories like this just as an

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example one of the 80 experiments we

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flew we had a furnace in which we had a

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bunch of different samples that could be

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injected into the furnace held in place

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with magnetic fields so they wouldn't go

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floating off and get it get about and

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then another magnetic field or electric

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field was applied to melt those samples

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well the big deal about that was at this

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particular metal they believe that they

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can get this special structure would be

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slippery ER than Teflon and yet a metal

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well I think anybody in here can

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immediately draw some rapid conclusions

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if you could produce this commercially

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every motor in there in the world within

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a decade would have to take this stuff

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into account well now we'd like to

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invite all of you in all of the towns

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all over North Dakota to participate in

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this and use our comments as a

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springboard I'm Solomon Mandel a farmer

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40 miles from Grand Forks and I just

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want to thank all the explorers for

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everything that they've done for our

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farming we run center-pivot irrigation

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the resolver that tells me what degree

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my irrigator is is a direct descendant

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from NASA the computer that feeds my

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chickens that instead of running 108

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motors you run 10 motors 10 minutes at a

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time you're still feeding the 60

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thousand chickens without causing a

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brownout in Grand Forks the energy

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savings that we've seen already the

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water savings that we've seen with

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irrigation we've cut our water use in

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half by this imaging I can see where we

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build a cut it another seventy to eighty

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percent in the next four or five years

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it's a that technology is there already

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engineer came up to visit his

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brother-in-law in nebraska in the summer

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and his brother-in-law said let's go

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cornfield and check the irrigator that

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went out and said my mechanical water

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meters broke down and the engineer said

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that's nothing everything we do at NASA

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we check the flow he said I'll send you

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one of it's just uh it's a magnetic

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thing it runs and there's no there are

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no moving parts and today all our water

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meters are a direct descendant from NASA

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and the potential is so great it's just

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incredible at this time in southwest

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North Dakota there's an emerging

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strategy for small town economic

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development that involves identifying

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relocatable companies buying them moving

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their operations to small towns in North

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Dakota and in this area our preference

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would be to buy a small high-tech space

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related type company or manufacturing

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come no content in und space or NASA

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help in the following area identify

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companies for sale that can be relocated

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provide technical expertise to assist

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relocating help evaluate and relocation

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candidates products or services and as

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an alternative can you suggest ideas for

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startups derive from some spin-offs in

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the aerospace industry really NASA

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probably can't do that for you because

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it from an economic point of viewers no

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way you could argue that that's part of

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NASA's Charter but it seems to be

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clearly part of you know what's your

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state delegation your congressional

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bodies that is part of what they should

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be doing I think I've always lived in

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Maddock North Dakota small town of 600

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people and when everything located the

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company there they asked me local people

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why do you want to be here in Maddock I

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said why not I said we're we're

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connected everywhere I can hook onto the

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internet and and be anywhere in the

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world probably the most dramatic thing

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that space technology is doing right now

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is enabling people to engage in

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commercial activities that at least for

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the last few hundred years have

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primarily been angry

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in large urban areas I mean you can

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operate a business out of your home no

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matter where it is now you have modem

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fax communications pagers whatever you

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need dr. grinnell how do you think we

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might encourage not only cultural

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diversity but discussion of cultural

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questions as you alluded to to be a part

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of future space exploration and the

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space program in general and what is the

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value of including such questions and

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diversity I don't know I've heard

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somewhere before that for every action

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there's a reaction and and that that's

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going to happen with whatever they're

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doing in space and I think it's so

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important to consider all the cultures

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of the world because we're all in this

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together but I think everyone should be

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allowed to have a voice to contribute to

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what's happening to them because it's

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their future in their children's future

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I feel that to some extent the planetary

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research programs of NASA have been

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sacrificed to keep the space station

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afloat and strikes me that the planetary

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probes were very cost-effective as you

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know the voyagers were reprogrammed to

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do things for which they were not really

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designed to do and it bothers me that

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that money is being slept up by the

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space station for a number of reasons

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and first let me state I would like to

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see man on the moon and go to Mars my

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wife and I would be the first to to

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volunteer I've tables to rick's mission

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and I very much see man going into space

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I'm just not good think that the space

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station is really the way to do it

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certainly I agree that the space station

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has an enormous amount of politics

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involved but then again based on my

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observation political system is that

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canceling Space Station wouldn't would

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not of itself guarantee you the

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planetary probes that money would not be

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dedicated we would Congress would not

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say we're going to take out this two

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billion a year or whatever and we're

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going to spend that 2 billion on the

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space program they take the two billion

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away and probably would put anything in

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its place Linda give any final comments

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like you sure yes I was

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consider this a lot of my relatives I

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guess culturally Native Americans a lot

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of our legends have star stories or

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stories about the space there's also

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some tribes down in the southwest who

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have these cave drawings they were aware

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of all the interplanetary happenings in

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space long time ago way before we were

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even aware at this point now and there's

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even stories about different worlds like

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I said before I never wasn't asked and

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never was going to be able to be an

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astronaut like Rick but boy I can see a

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lot of things just as he did and a

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little different perspective but I feel

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like I'm up there right now so go with

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your dreams and let's move this

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technology to the next level I'd like to

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invite you all to join us here again

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tomorrow night when we continue this

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community conversation about what is the

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hello good evening and welcome to the

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second half of a symposium titled what

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is the value of space exploration a

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prairie symposium we're glad to have you

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with us tonight and hope that we're

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going to have as much fun and as much

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information as we did last night joining

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me here in Clifford Hall Auditorium this

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evening in our part of local Lords of

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Colton communities and along with us

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will be Tim folk editor and reporter of

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the Grand Forks Herald Vivian Myers a

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teacher from Bismarck North Dakota and

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father William Sherman a sociologist and

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pastor of st. Michael's Catholic Church

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here in Grand Forks tonight's topics

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will be the political value of space

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exploration the educational value of

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space exploration and the sociological

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value of space exploration the question

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at hand is what is the political value

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of space exploration and i must confess

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that that i'm going to throw a lot of

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cold water on on on things tonight i

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think the evidence at hand suggests that

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there isn't much political value to

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space exploration but that's not to

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suggest that there couldn't be and i

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think that that what i'd like to do is

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take a couple minutes to to think about

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the circumstances under which there

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could be one thing that might happen is

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that there might be a resurgence of

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economic nationalism another set of

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circumstances might be a resurgence of

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redistributed economics space might be

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considered a sort of grand public work

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that would employ people and finally

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grimly there might be a resurgence of

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political interest in space as a result

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of military threats but I don't think

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that that over the long run those of us

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who believe that space is a noble thing

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and that we ought to be going further

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and without to be going period I don't

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think that in the long run we're going

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to be satisfied with these circumstances

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space education and exploration is a

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perfect Avenue for the students of the

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90s for they have before them a world of

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unknowns there are in unpredictable

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hazards and occupations yet to be

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discovered these kids have to be

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equipped with higher level thinking

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skills more so than ever before space

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exploration is a unique opportunity for

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this avenue of learning think for a

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minute students trying to project into

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the future trying to visualize what it

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would be like to live in space to create

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a space camp or to solve problems of

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garbage in space these are the kinds of

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questions that we go through when we go

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through units of space exploration kids

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are turned on about about these ideas

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and they are futuristic in their

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thinking maybe that's what space can do

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is remind us as people who sort of fall

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into easy habits but God is beyond us

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God is the god of the universe we see

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the pictures of the earth floating

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around as sort of a little part of a

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vast universe maybe that's why the good

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Lord looking at it from a perspective of

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faith brought aerospace into our world

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the reminders of that other dimension of

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God God isn't something to be discarded

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to be set aside to be ignored the power

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and the majesty of it all and some of

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you remember that in the Holy Scripture

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it says something like this the fear of

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God the awesomeness of God before the

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presence of God is the beginning of

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wisdom if you were the director of NASA

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what would your priorities in future for

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NASA what would that be I'd say that

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that the strategy ought to be survival I

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think that the tactics ought to be too

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get rid of as many missions that involve

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exploitation consolidation and filling

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in what's left behind and try to find a

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single mission that that could have a

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fairly broad constituency economically

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and that could could be as inspiring as

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possible I think I do the public

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relations job I don't know how it is

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maybe enlist the hollywood and get them

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on their side they seem to have a

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spokesman for everything out there and

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just dramatize it I think they do a good

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job maybe even a great job but one of

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the things that I would change would be

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to get to advertise themselves more and

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maybe what the father here was talking

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about to enlist Holly which isn't such a

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bad idea it seems as though whatever the

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media presses we get question for the

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entire panel I would like to answer them

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their opinion about the potential for

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access to space by ordinary citizens and

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depending on what your opinion is how

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does that how's that reflect on the

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value of space exploration as perceived

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by the general populace it just seems

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that it that that the cost would be so

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great that it's hard to imagine that in

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my lifetime people of my generation will

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get to fly in great numbers so I think

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that you'd have to look elsewhere to

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find the value in space exploration

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other than

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and you're not going to get it from the

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kick of flying but somehow if we could

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capture the imagination of the nation

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with spectacular things maybe what was

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Tim was talking about a fix on something

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that has all sorts of ramifications and

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we'll go along and will support it I

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have a question for Vivian should there

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be a teacher in space especially after

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the Challenger problem and Christa was

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on board yes I do I think that if there

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is someone that once is willing is

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prepared as much as anyone else out

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there that would have to go through you

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know all the preparation that it would

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take if they feel that that they would

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like to and that it would be

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advantageous to both sectors of society

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I think that that they should Tim do you

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think the news media has

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responsibilities associated with selling

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space to the masses I think a lot more a

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lot more newspapers and journalists

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ought to be eager about space there not

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to be more information about space but

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I'm not sure that that I'd assigned the

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press a responsibility well our concept

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of God change at all when we get an

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outer space and we're not no we're not

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down here on mother earth anymore and we

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look you know when we look to these to

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the to the universe is our idea of God

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going to be any different you can't look

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at those those pictures of the earth and

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see this horse thing is about as a bunch

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of fragmented human beings in a whole

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business of race and a national conflict

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and so it becomes so petty when we see

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what a one world it is that's one aspect

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it tells us something about man and

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women but the other I'm convinced is

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that it tells us something about the

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divine my experience with this has been

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an affirmation of why I have become a

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space professional i think my gut my

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instinct my intuition tells me that the

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value of space and space exploration

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is its ability to connect and its

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ability to bring us together and there

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is nothing i think more dramatic than

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the last two nights that proves that

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here we are spread around an entire

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state and its space technology that has

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brought us together over time and

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distance this is two time zones and an

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entire state and yet it's one experience

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and I want to thank you all and I hope